The world production of ornamental plants and flowers covers an estimated area of 190 thousand hectares. This market moves amounts nearing US$ 16 billion per year at producer level, US$ 44 billion per year at retail level, and values exceeding US$ 5 billion in terms of exports (Motos, 2003)5.
In 1999, the intercountry trade of floriculture products moved US$ 7,9 billion, the main exporters being Holland (51,5%) and Colombia (6,9%). In this scenario, Brazil ranked 31st, accounting for a mere 0,2 percent of the global market (Pathfast, 2001)6.
The Brazilian Export Program of Ornamental Plants and Flowers (FloraBrasilis), created by the Brazilian government in October 2000 through both the Brazilian Export Promotion Agency (APEX) and the Brazilian Institute of Floriculture (IBRAFLOR) (FloraBrasilis, 2001)3, had the initial ambitious target of raising export from US$ 11 million in 2000 to US$ 80 million per year until 2003 (Programa, 2003)7, later postponed to 2004 (Vários, 2003)8 and to 2005 (Farid, 2003)2.
How to face this challenge? One way forward must be through an objective
analysis of the historic and detailed balance of the figures in this market so
as to improve the return index of campaigns disseminating Brazilian products and
suit them in the mid and long terms.
This research has a twofold focus: to quantify the main products in the
Brazilian export agenda for ornamental plants and flowers, and to identify the
country’s main commercial partners, thus making way for a better understanding
of the sector
Data from1997 to 2002 data were used from the Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX) of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC) (Ministério, 2003)4 detailing the products from the import & export
agenda for live plants and floriculture products by category and by economic
bloc and classified according to Chapter 6 of the South Cone Common Terminology
(NCM) (details are shown on Table 1).
Brazilian Trade of Floriculture Products, 1997-2002
The total value of the exports of live plants and floriculture products over 1997-2002, by Position, reveals different degrees of participation: the group encompassing ornamental’s nursery plants (NCM 0602) represents 56% of the total value; the group of bulbs (NCM 0601) 28%, and the foliage (NCM 0604) and bouquet flowers groups (NCM 0603) represent, each, 8% of the Brazilian export value. In this period, although the total balance of the Brazilian trade of live plants and floriculture products
was always positive, the thorough analysis, i.e. by Position, registered deficit
in the flowers for bouquets category (Table 2).
Bulbs, Tuber and Rhizomes
Brazilian exports of bulbs, tuber and rhizomes over 1997-2002 grew from US$ 2,9
million to US$ 4,0 million, the main commercial partner being the European Union
which, in 2002, imported from Brazil US$ 3,6 million, accounting for 90,4% of
the total exported. The remaining percentage was occupied by the NAFTA, the
MERCOSUR and Chile. Brazilian imports experienced steady growth in the period,
increasing from US$ 695 thousand in 1997 to US$ 2,4 million in 2002. In 2002,
exclusively, the European Union (99,8%) and the NAFTA (0,2%) were the commercial
partners so, in this case, the former was Brazil’s main partner (Table 3).
Table 1 - List of Products that compose the Chapter 06 of
the South Cone Common Terminology (NCM), Live Plants and Floriculture
Products
| Position | Sub-item | Live Plants and Floriculture Products | Class1 |
| | 0601.10.00 | Bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, etc. in vegetative
rest | 1 |
| | 0601.20.00 | Bulbs, tubers, etc. in flower, nursery plants of
chicory | 1 |
| 0601 | | Bulbs,
tubers, rhizomes, etc. | |
| | 0602.10.00 | Not-rooted stakes and grafts | 1 |
| | 0602.20.00 | Trees, bushes of edible fruits | 1 |
| | 0602.30.00 | Rhododendron and azaleas, grafted or not | 1 |
| | 0602.40.00 | Rosebushes, grafted or not | 1 |
| | 0602.90.10 | Mycelium of Mushrooms | 2 |
| | 0602.90.81 | Young plants of sugar-cane | 2 |
| | 0602.90.21 | Young plants of orchids | 1 |
| | 0602.90.29 | Young plants of other ornamental plants | 1 |
| | 0602.90.82 | Young plants of grapevine | 2 |
| | 0602.90.83 | Young plants of coffee | 2 |
| | 0602.90.89 | Young plants of other plants | 2 |
| | 0602.90.90 | Other live plants | 2 |
| 0602 | | Young
plants of ornamental plants, of orchids, etc. |
|
| |
0603.10.00 |
Fresh cut flowers for bouquets, etc. |
1 |
| |
0603.90.00 |
Dry cut flowers for bouquets, etc. |
1 |
| 0603 |
|
Cut
flowers for bouquets |
|
| |
0604.10.00 |
Mosses and lichens, for bouquets or
ornamentation |
1 |
| |
0604.91.00 |
Foliage, leaves, branches of plants, fresh, for
bouquets, etc. |
1 |
| |
0604.99.00 |
Foliage, leaves, branches of plants, dry, for
bouquets, etc. |
1 |
| 0604 |
|
Leaves,
foliages and mosses for floriculture |
|
1Class 1: Sub-item related to
floriculture products;
Class 2: Sub-item related to live
plants.
Source: Classificação, 20021.
Table 2 – Commercial Balance of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants, Brazil, 1997-2002
(in US$ FOB)
| Year |
A – Bulbs, tubers and
rhizomes |
|
Export |
Var. % |
Import |
Var. % |
Balance |
| 1997 |
2.935.866 |
- |
695.189 |
- |
2.240.677 |
| 1998 |
3.522.670 |
20 |
922.383 |
33 |
2.600.287 |
| 1999 |
4.051.583 |
15 |
1.140.619 |
24 |
2.910.964 |
| 2000 |
3.197.158 |
-21 |
1.466.628 |
29 |
1.730.530 |
| 2001 |
3.346.885 |
5 |
1.818.930 |
24 |
1.527.955 |
| 2002 |
4.004.551 |
20 |
2.392.342 |
32 |
1.612.209 |
| Total
A |
21.058.713 |
- |
8.436.091 |
- |
12.622.622 |
| Year |
B - Young plants of ornamentals
and live plants |
|
Export |
Var. % |
Import |
Var. % |
Balance |
| 1997 |
6.327.544 |
- |
1.839.274 |
- |
4.488.270 |
| 1998 |
6.986.577 |
10 |
2.718.677 |
48 |
4.267.900 |
| 1999 |
7.261.341 |
4 |
2.397.932 |
-12 |
4.863.409 |
| 2000 |
6.666.533 |
-8 |
3.217.248 |
34 |
3.449.285 |
| 2001 |
7.493.336 |
12 |
3.745.006 |
16 |
3.748.330 |
| 2002 |
8.324.426 |
11 |
4.464.470 |
19 |
3.859.956 |
| Total
B |
43.059.757 |
- |
18.382.607 |
- |
24.677.150 |
| Year |
C – Cut flowers for
bouquets |
|
Export |
Var. % |
Import |
Var. % |
Balance |
| 1997 |
1.288.884 |
- |
3.167.487 |
- |
-1.878.603 |
| 1998 |
1.156.748 |
-10 |
4.241.008 |
34 |
-3.084.260 |
| 1999 |
1.252.485 |
8 |
1.883.025 |
-56 |
-630.540 |
| 2000 |
443.098 |
-65 |
1.665.672 |
-12 |
-1.222.574 |
| 2001 |
554.891 |
25 |
1.492.737 |
-10 |
-937.846 |
| 2002 |
1.226.391 |
121 |
1.313.688 |
-12 |
-87.297 |
| Total
C |
5.922.497 |
- |
13.763.617 |
- |
-7.841.120 |
| Year |
D - Leaves, foliages and mosses
for floriculture |
|
Export |
Var. % |
Import |
Var. % |
Balance |
| 1997 |
452.696 |
- |
173.950 |
- |
278.746 |
| 1998 |
376.134 |
-17 |
65.974 |
-62 |
310.160 |
| 1999 |
558.255 |
48 |
55.333 |
-16 |
502.922 |
| 2000 |
1.577.553 |
183 |
49.227 |
-11 |
1.528.326 |
| 2001 |
1.891.595 |
20 |
37.747 |
-23 |
1.853.848 |
| 2002 |
1.466.799 |
-22 |
40.227 |
7 |
1.426.572 |
| Total
D |
6.323.032 |
- |
422.458 |
- |
5.900.574 |
| Year |
E – Live plants and floriculture
products |
|
Export |
Var. % |
Import |
Var. % |
Balance |
| 1997 |
11.004.990 |
- |
5.875.900 |
- |
5.129.090 |
| 1998 |
12.042.129 |
9 |
7.948.042 |
35 |
4.094.087 |
| 1999 |
13.123.664 |
9 |
5.476.909 |
-31 |
7.646.755 |
| 2000 |
11.884.342 |
-9 |
6.398.775 |
17 |
5.485.567 |
| 2001 |
13.286.707 |
12 |
7.094.420 |
11 |
6.192.287 |
| 2002 |
15.022.167 |
13 |
8.210.727 |
16 |
6.811.440 |
| Total
E |
76.363.999 |
- |
41.004.773 |
- |
35.359.226 |
Source: Ministério, 20034.
Table 3 - Export and Import of Brazilian Bulbs, Tubers and
Rhizomes, by Main Destiny and Origin, 1997-2002
(in
US$ FOB)
|
|
Blocks and
Countries |
| |
NAFTA1 |
European Union2 |
MERCOSUR3 |
Chile |
Others |
Total |
| Export |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 |
218.107 |
2.587.166 |
65.377 |
43.616 |
21.600 |
2.935.866 |
|
1998 |
203.572 |
3.158.358 |
95.160 |
62.480 |
3.100 |
3.522.670 |
|
1999 |
327.621 |
3.635.337 |
67.052 |
18.654 |
2.919 |
4.051.583 |
|
2000 |
310.152 |
2.799.469 |
70.335 |
13.598 |
3.604 |
3.197.158 |
|
2001 |
440.128 |
2.824.145 |
37.022 |
22.593 |
22.997 |
3.346.885 |
|
2002 |
344.470 |
3.620.180 |
22.046 |
17.855 |
0 |
4.004.551 |
| Import |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 |
4.245 |
639.183 |
0 |
11.126 |
40.635 |
695.189 |
|
1998 |
0 |
910.740 |
0 |
1.096 |
10.547 |
922.383 |
|
1999 |
0 |
1.115.171 |
0 |
0 |
25.448 |
1.140.619 |
|
2000 |
2.873 |
1.444.162 |
0 |
0 |
19.593 |
1.466.628 |
|
2001 |
0 |
1.811.348 |
0 |
0 |
7.582 |
1.818.930 |
|
2002 |
5.548 |
2.386.794 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2.392.342 |
1United States,
Canada, Mexico and Porto Rico.
2Alemanha, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France,
Italy, Holland, United Kingdom, Sweden, etc.
3Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil.
Source: Ministério, 20034.
Nursery Plants of Ornamentals and Other Live Plants
The
export value for this category, occupying the largest slice in the live plants
and floriculture products item, increased from US$ 6,3 million in 1997 to US$
8,3 million in 2002, being the main buyers the European Union (80,5% of the
exported value) and Japan, whose imports ranged from 10,6% to 14,8% of the total
Brazil exports. Regarding imports, Chile is the second major supplier of this
item, after the European Union. The blocs and countries herein analyzed account
for 99,7% of the total value of Brazilian exports and 76% of the imports in 2002
(Table 4).
Cut Flowers for Bouquets
The
exports value of flowers for bouquets, sharply slumped in 2000 and 2001,
recovered growth in 2002, reaching US$ 1,2 million and returning to the 1999
levels. As a result, the commercial deficit of this category lowered to US$ 87,2
thousand. (Table 2). Brazil basically imports from two Latin American countries:
Colombia and Ecuador, having imported in 2002, respectively 82,1% and 17,1%. The
main buyers of Brazilian products are the NAFTA and the European Union which, in
2002, imported respectively, 51,6% and 43,5% of the value of Brazilian sales
abroad. Thus the economic bloc herein analyzed encompassed almost 100% of the
value moved both in exports and exports (Table 5).
Table 4 - Export and Import of Brazilian Young plants of
Ornamentals and Live Plants, by Main Destiny and Origin, 1997-2002
(in US$ FOB)
| Item |
Blocks and
Countries |
|
NAFTA1 |
European Union2 |
MERCOSUR3 |
Japan |
Colombia |
Ecuador |
Chile |
Swiss |
Others |
Total |
| Export |
|
|
| 1997 |
74.120 |
4.964.143 |
557.753 |
710.754 |
0 |
4.700 |
0 |
2.182 |
13.892 |
6.327.544 |
| 1998 |
63.595 |
5.444.961 |
642.558 |
791.950 |
0 |
13.232 |
314 |
1.396 |
28.571 |
6.986.577 |
| 1999 |
86.215 |
5.707.336 |
473.554 |
975.449 |
0 |
5.097 |
0 |
0 |
13.690 |
7.261.341 |
| 2000 |
69.924 |
5.149.965 |
434.201 |
989.579 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
504 |
22.360 |
6.666.533 |
| 2001 |
264.048 |
5.709.539 |
697.844 |
795.512 |
300 |
0 |
809 |
8.050 |
17.234 |
7.493.336 |
| 2002 |
447.115 |
6.698.183 |
241.406 |
896.420 |
0 |
0 |
9.835 |
5.190 |
26.277 |
8.324.426 |
| Import |
|
|
| 1997 |
139.681 |
1.311.002 |
18.226 |
11.698 |
11.367 |
0 |
87.873 |
0 |
259.427 |
1.839.274 |
| 1998 |
157.868 |
1.800.479 |
149.454 |
40.985 |
16.528 |
0 |
79.317 |
0 |
474.046 |
2.718.677 |
| 1999 |
118.268 |
1.471.712 |
195.071 |
9.104 |
40.587 |
3.000 |
79.385 |
0 |
480.805 | <T
Data de Publicação:
05/12/2003
Autor(es):
Ikuyo Kiyuna Consulte outros textos deste autor
Silene Maria de Freitas (silene.freitas@sp.gov.br) Consulte outros textos deste autor
Maria de Lourdes Barros Camargo (mlcamargo@iea.sp.gov.br) Consulte outros textos deste autor
